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How do I use 'ser' and 'estar' in the passive voice?

The passive voice has got me tied up in knots. My professor's site said that estar + participle needs to be used in certain cases, but I couldn't understand those cases. Does it follow the same rules as ser vs estar in the indicative?

Generally

passive ser = action
La puerta fue abierta. The door was open.
   
the participle used with estar = a state arising from an action
La puerta estaba abierta. The door was open.

The 'estar passive' is not used with the perfect tenses: la ciudad ha / había estado inundada is not Spanish. It is also uncommon with the preterite: la ciudad estuvo inundada.

Habitualmente fue / es aceptado por la gente gracias a su simpatía. Habitually it was / is accepted by people thanks to their sympathy.
Ellos estaban / están destrozados después de la muerte de su hijo. They were destroyed after the death of their son.
La costumbre hace que eso ya fue aceptado con naturalidad. The custom makes it so that it was already accepted naturally.
Volví a casa y las luces estaban encendidas I returned to the house and the lights were on.
Este camino está cortado hace tiempo y aún no lo han arreglado. This road has been cut a while ago and they still have not fixed it.

 

Complete the following sentences using the correct form of ser or estar.  Although capitalization does not count, spelling does!

Please enter your name

1. Esa mujer respetada por todos. (That woman was respected by everyone.)

2. (el) recludio desde hace tiempo porque sus ataques se repiten. (He was shut away for a while because of is repeated attacks.)

3. El criminal obligado a confesar su crimen.

4. Con el nuevo horario las luces del alumbrado público encendidas más tarde.



 


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